…sponding source code

Fixes rust-lang#79950.

The equivalent of `std::fs::read_to_string`, but generalized to all
`Read` impls.

As the documentation on `std::io::read_to_string` says, the advantage of
this function is that it means you don't have to create a variable first
and it provides more type safety since you can only get the buffer out
if there were no errors. If you use `Read::read_to_string`, you have to
remember to check whether the read succeeded because otherwise your
buffer will be empty.

It's friendlier to newcomers and better in most cases to use an explicit
return value instead of an out parameter.

This removes fully 235 unused functions.

For example, this code:

    struct S(i32, f32);

    let S(x) = S(0, 1.0);

will make the compiler suggest either:

    let S(x, _) = S(0, 1.0);

or:

    let S(x, ..) = S(0, 1.0);

Co-authored-by: Esteban Kuber <estebank@users.noreply.github.com>

It's 'parentheses', not 'parenthesis', when you have more than one.

The ICE message is somewhat confusing and overly specific - the issue is
that there's no MIR available.

This should make debugging these ICEs easier since the error tells you
what's actually wrong, not what it was trying to do when it failed.

cc rust-lang#80952 (comment)

">" is right alignment, not left

A unix wait status can contain, at least, exit statuses, termination
signals, and stop signals.

WTERMSIG is only valid if WIFSIGNALED.

https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/wait.html

It will not be easy to experience this bug with `Command`, because
that doesn't pass WUNTRACED.  But you could make an ExitStatus
containing, say, a WIFSTOPPED, from a call to one of the libc wait
functions.

(In the WIFSTOPPED case, there is WSTOPSIG.  But a stop signal is
encoded differently to a termination signal, so WTERMSIG and WSTOPSIG
are by no means the same.)

Signed-off-by: Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>

Update tests of "unused_lifetimes" lint for async functions and corresponding source code

Before this PR the following code would cause an error:
```
#![deny(unused_lifetimes)]
async fn f<'a>(_: &'a i32) {}
fn main() {}
```
It was happening because of the desugaring of return type in async functions. As a result of the desugaring, the return type contains all lifetimes involved in the function signature. And these lifetimes were interpreted separately from the same in the function scope => so they are unused.

Now, all lifetimes from the return type are interpreted as used. It is also not perfect, but at least this lint doesn't cause wrong errors now.

This PR connected to issues rust-lang#78522, rust-lang#77217

Add missing methods to unix ExitStatusExt

These are the methods corresponding to the remaining exit status examination macros from `wait.h`.  `WCOREDUMP` isn't in SuS but is it is very standard.  I have not done portability testing to see if this builds everywhere, so I may need to Do Something if it doesn't.

There is also a bugfix and doc improvement to `.signal()`, and an `.into_raw()` accessor.

This would fix rust-lang#73128 and fix rust-lang#73129.  Please let me know if you like this direction, and if so I will open the tracking issue and so on.

If this MR goes well, I may tackle rust-lang#73125 next - I have an idea for how to do it.

Suggest `_` and `..` if a pattern has too few fields

Fixes rust-lang#80010.

Recommend panic::resume_unwind instead of panicking.

Fixes rust-lang#79950.

Add a `std::io::read_to_string` function

I recognize that you're usually supposed to open an issue first, but the
implementation is very small so it's okay if this is closed and it was 'wasted
work' :)

-----

The equivalent of `std::fs::read_to_string`, but generalized to all
`Read` impls.

As the documentation on `std::io::read_to_string` says, the advantage of
this function is that it means you don't have to create a variable first
and it provides more type safety since you can only get the buffer out
if there were no errors. If you use `Read::read_to_string`, you have to
remember to check whether the read succeeded because otherwise your
buffer will be empty.

It's friendlier to newcomers and better in most cases to use an explicit
return value instead of an out parameter.

Add as_ref and as_mut methods for Bound

Add as_ref and as_mut method for std::ops::range::Bound, patterned off
of the methods of the same name on Option.

I'm not quite sure what the process is for introducing new feature gates (this is my first contribution) so I've left these ungated, but happy to do whatever is necessary to gate them.

Add Iterator::intersperse_with

This is a follow-up to rust-lang#79479, tracking in rust-lang#79524, as discussed rust-lang#79479 (comment).

~~Note that I had to manually implement `Clone` and `Debug` because `derive` insists on placing a `Clone`-bound on the struct-definition, which is too narrow. There is a long-standing issue # for this somewhere around here :-)~~

Also, note that I refactored the guts of `Intersperse` into private functions and re-used them in `IntersperseWith`, so I also went light on duplicating all the tests.

If this is suitable to be merged, the tracking issue should be updated, since it only mentions `intersperse`.

Happy New Year!

r? `@m-ou-se`

…erister

Get rid of `DepConstructor`

This removes fully 235 unused functions.

Follow-up to rust-lang#80325 (comment).

r? `@michaelwoerister`
cc `@cjgillot`

Fix handling of malicious Readers in read_to_end

A malicious `Read` impl could return overly large values from `read`, which would result in the guard's drop impl setting the buffer's length to greater than its capacity! ~~To fix this, the drop impl now uses the safe `truncate` function instead of `set_len` which ensures that this will not happen. The result of calling the function will be nonsensical, but that's fine given the contract violation of the `Read` impl.~~

~~The `Guard` type is also used by `append_to_string` which does not pass untrusted values into the length field, so I've copied the guard type into each function and only modified the one used by `read_to_end`. We could just keep a single one and modify it, but it seems a bit cleaner to keep the guard code close to the functions and related specifically to them.~~

To fix this, we now assert that the returned length is not larger than the buffer passed to the method.

For reference, this bug has been present for ~2.5 years since 1.20: rust-lang@ecbb896.

Closes rust-lang#80894.

Use Option::map_or instead of `.map(..).unwrap_or(..)`

````@rustbot```` modify labels +C-cleanup +T-compiler

…=m-ou-se

Deprecate atomic::spin_loop_hint in favour of hint::spin_loop

For rust-lang#55002

We wanted to leave `atomic::spin_loop_hint` alone when stabilizing `hint::spin_loop` so folks had some time to migrate. This now deprecates `atomic_spin_loop_hint`.

Use better ICE message when no MIR is available

The ICE message is somewhat confusing and overly specific - the issue is
that there's no MIR available.

This should make debugging these ICEs easier since the error tells you
what's actually wrong, not what it was trying to do when it failed.

cc rust-lang#80952 (comment)
cc ````@jyn514````

…gisa

Remove unstable deprecated Vec::remove_item

Closes rust-lang#40062

The `Vec::remove_item` method was deprecated in `1.46.0` (in August of 2020). This PR now removes that unstable method entirely.

Update books

## nomicon

2 commits in a5a48441d411f61556b57d762b03d6874afe575d..a8584998eacdea7106a1dfafcbf6c1c06fcdf925
2020-12-06 10:39:41 +0900 to 2021-01-06 12:49:49 -0500
- Update vector code examples
- Remove outdated information about `jemalloc`

## reference

13 commits in b278478b766178491a8b6f67afa4bcd6b64d977a..50af691f838937c300b47812d0507c6d88c14f97
2020-12-21 18:18:03 -0800 to 2021-01-12 21:19:20 -0800
- Update grammar for parser unification. (rust-lang/reference#927)
- Define constraining an implementation (rust-lang/reference#928)
- Document extra behavior of #[no_mangle] (rust-lang/reference#930)
- Add a float examle without a `.`. (rust-lang/reference#929)
- Add more details about const generics. (rust-lang/reference#921)
- Fix footnotes. (rust-lang/reference#926)
- Add "Logic errors" as behavior not considered unsafe (rust-lang/reference#919)
- Update grammar for order of parameters/arguments. (rust-lang/reference#920)
- Fix formatting in the tuple section (rust-lang/reference#923)
- document const generics (rust-lang/reference#901)
- Update mdbook (rust-lang/reference#918)
- linkage.md: update link to FFI section of the Book. (rust-lang/reference#917)
- Document array expression with a const. (rust-lang/reference#914)

## book

8 commits in 5bb44f8b5b0aa105c8b22602e9b18800484afa21..ac57a0ddd23d173b26731ccf939f3ba729753275
2020-12-18 20:07:31 -0500 to 2021-01-09 14:18:45 -0500
- Update version of mdbook we're testing with to 0.4.5 (rust-lang/book#2561)
- Fix grammar in ch13-01-closures.md (rust-lang/book#2534)
- Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/pr/2527'
- Clarify code example ch6.3 (rust-lang/book#2485)
- Fix link added in rust-lang/book#2495 to be relative and at the bottom
- Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/pr/2495'
- Update output to match the updated poem punctuation
- Fix rust-lang/book#2539 - Remove fancy apostrophes from poem for Windows

## rust-by-example

3 commits in 1cce0737d6a7d3ceafb139b4a206861fb1dcb2ab..03e23af01f0b4f83a3a513da280e1ca92587f2ec
2020-12-21 17:36:29 -0300 to 2021-01-09 10:20:28 -0300
- Replace for loop with iteration (rust-lang/rust-by-example#1404)
- Update mdbook (rust-lang/rust-by-example#1402)
- Add note for match guards to include catch-all (rust-lang/rust-by-example#1401)

## embedded-book

1 commits in ba34b8a968f9531d38c4dc4411d5568b7c076bfe..ceec19e873be87c6ee5666b030c6bb612f889a96
2020-11-17 00:20:43 +0000 to 2021-01-03 13:13:10 +0000
- book.toml: add link to GitHub repo  (rust-embedded/book#276)

Fixed incorrect doc comment

">" is right alignment, not left

…evink

Fix -Cpasses=list and llvm version print with -vV

cc rust-lang#77975 (comment)

Fix stabilisation version of slice_strip

See rust-lang#77853 (review)

Signed-off-by: Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>

llvm: Remove the unused context from CreateDebugLocation

This went unused in commit 88d874d, part of rust-lang#68965.

Fix formatting specifiers doc links

d36e3e2 seems to have inadvertently changed many of these links to point to `core::fmt` instead of `std::fmt`. The information about formatting specifiers is only documented in [`std::fmt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/); [`core::fmt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/fmt/) is empty. 3baf6a4 seems to have already fixed a couple of these links to point back to `std::fmt`.